"plehan" meaning in All languages combined

See plehan on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: Unknown. Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”), based on which Kroonen reconstructs a quasi-Indo-European pre-form of *pslek-, albeit with no secure non-Germanic cognates. Etymology templates: {{unk|gmw-pro}} Unknown, {{cog|gmh|spulgen||to be used to}} Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *plehan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-st}} Forms: strong [table-tags], plehan [infinitive], plehannjas [genitive, infinitive], plehannjē [dative, infinitive], plehannju [infinitive, instrumental], plehu [first-person, present, singular], plah [first-person, past, singular], plihiʀi [present, second-person, singular], plāgī [past, second-person, singular], plihidi [present, singular, third-person], plah [past, singular, third-person], plehum [first-person, plural, present], plāgum [first-person, past, plural], plihid [plural, present, second-person], plāgud [past, plural, second-person], plehand [plural, present, third-person], plāgun [past, plural, third-person], plehē [first-person, present, singular], plāgī [first-person, past, singular], plehēs [present, second-person, singular], plehē [present, singular, third-person], plāgī [past, singular, third-person], plehēm [first-person, plural, present], plāgīm [first-person, past, plural], plehēþ [plural, present, second-person], plāgīd [past, plural, second-person], plehēn [plural, present, third-person], plāgīn [past, plural, third-person], plih [present, singular], plihid [plural, present], plehandī [participle, present], plegan [participle, past]
  1. to stand up for Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-plehan-gmw-pro-verb-vqzXbClc Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 93 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 94 6 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 92 8
  2. to be responsible for Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-plehan-gmw-pro-verb-ppyq0cyZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: plihti
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plihti"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "plēon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "pleġan"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "plega"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "word": "pläga"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Danish",
                  "lang_code": "da",
                  "word": "pleje"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "plega"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "plēgen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "word": "pläga"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Danish",
                  "lang_code": "da",
                  "word": "pleje"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "plega"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "pleggen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "word": "pläga"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Danish",
                  "lang_code": "da",
                  "word": "pleje"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "plega"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "pleyen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "plegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "plien"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "*plian"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Limburgish",
              "lang_code": "li",
              "word": "plieëge"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "plēgen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "plegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "phlëgen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "pflegen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "plegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "phlëgen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "pflegen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "pflegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "phlëgen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "pflegen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "phlegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plege"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plage"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plaige"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploige"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Medieval Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "plevium"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plege"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plage"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plaige"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploige"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Medieval Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "sense": "pledge",
          "word": "plebium"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Medieval Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "raw_tags": [
        "inherited",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "*pleviō"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
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                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
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                        "borrowed"
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                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
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                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plege"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
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                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plage"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plaige"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploige"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Medieval Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "plevium"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plege"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plage"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
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                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "plaige"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "descendants": [
                        {
                          "lang": "English",
                          "lang_code": "en",
                          "word": "pledge"
                        }
                      ],
                      "lang": "Middle English",
                      "lang_code": "enm",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "plege"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Anglo-Norman",
                  "lang_code": "xno",
                  "word": "plege"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "French",
                  "lang_code": "fr",
                  "word": "pleige"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old French",
              "lang_code": "fro",
              "word": "ploige"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Medieval Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "sense": "pledge",
          "word": "plebium"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Medieval Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "raw_tags": [
        "inherited",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "sense": "pledge",
      "word": "plebiō"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "spulgen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be used to"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”), based on which Kroonen reconstructs a quasi-Indo-European pre-form of *pslek-, albeit with no secure non-Germanic cognates.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plah",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plah",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plih",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plegan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*plehan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/plehan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "94 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stand up for"
      ],
      "id": "en-plehan-gmw-pro-verb-vqzXbClc",
      "links": [
        [
          "stand up for",
          "stand up for"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be responsible for"
      ],
      "id": "en-plehan-gmw-pro-verb-ppyq0cyZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "responsible",
          "responsible"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Elmar Seebold",
    "Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
    "de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
  ],
  "word": "plehan"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-West Germanic class 5 strong verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "plihti"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "plēon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "word": "pleġan"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "plega"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "word": "pläga"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Danish",
                  "lang_code": "da",
                  "word": "pleje"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "plega"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "plēgen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "word": "pläga"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Danish",
                  "lang_code": "da",
                  "word": "pleje"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "plega"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "pleggen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
                  "lang_code": "nb",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
                  "lang_code": "nn",
                  "word": "pleie"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "word": "pläga"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Danish",
                  "lang_code": "da",
                  "word": "pleje"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Norse",
              "lang_code": "non",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "plega"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "pleyen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "plegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "plien"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "*plian"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Dutch",
              "lang_code": "nl",
              "word": "plegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Limburgish",
              "lang_code": "li",
              "word": "plieëge"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "plēgen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "plegan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Luxembourgish",
              "lang_code": "lb",
              "word": "fleegen"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "fleg",
              "word": "פֿלעג"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "phlëgen"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "word": "pflääge"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Appenzell",
                "St. Gallen",
                "Schaffhausen",
                "Unterwald"
              ],
              "tags": [
                "Glarus",
                "Thurgau"
              ],
              "word": "pfläge"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Polish",
                  "lang_code": "pl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "pielęgnować"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Silesian",
                  "lang_code": "szl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "flyjgować"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "pflegen"
            },
            {
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              "lang_code": "lb",
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”), based on which Kroonen reconstructs a quasi-Indo-European pre-form of *pslek-, albeit with no secure non-Germanic cognates.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plah",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihiʀi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plah",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehand",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plāgīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plih",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plihid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plehandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plegan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*plehan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/plehan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to stand up for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stand up for",
          "stand up for"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be responsible for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "responsible",
          "responsible"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Elmar Seebold",
    "Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
    "de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
  ],
  "word": "plehan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for plehan meaning in All languages combined (19.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.